Human Resources, Competitive Advantg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HR, Competitive Advantg - Essay Example HR should guarantee that they are given equivalent chance and they are secured against issues, for example, sex separation. 2. Lewd behavior has been characterized as sexual moves that are unasked for by the person in question, solicitations of favors that are sexual in nature in return of advancement or danger of terminating the worker and physical and verbal activities and developments that are sexual in nature. Inappropriate behavior that is perceived as Quid Pro Quo happens when an individual is offered advancement or is taken steps to be terminated from his/her position if the worker dismisses or acknowledges favors that are sexual in nature. Inappropriate behavior that is perceived as Hostile condition happens when individuals on a similar degree of the chain of importance direct exercises that are sexual in nature and are undesirable and make the earth hard for the casualty to keep on working in an effective way. 3. While during the methodology of determination and recruiting the HR utilizes a numerous obstacle model, the candidate needs to remain fruitful during various strides of a test and they need to end up being effective in each progression. On the off chance that they neglect to accomplish the finishing score in a specific assessment, they are esteemed as unfit for the activity. On the off chance that the HR has utilized a compensatory model, they will settle on their employing choice dependent on the general scores of the considerable number of tests. This model depends on the reason that if a candidate performs well on one test and neglects to perform well on the other test, the previous score will make up for the score of the subsequent test. 4. As per the activity trademark model, there are five attributes of a specific activity. The principal trademark is aptitude assortment, which is characterized as the quantity of abilities that are required to play out a specific activity; the second is task personality, which is characterized as the culmination of the activity from the beginning stage to the closure point. The third is task centrality which is characterized as how

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Promoting - Essay Example ...5 A) Customer Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 B) Competitor Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 C) Company Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 D) Community Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 III. Brand and Positioning Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 An) Appearance, Personality, and Reputation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 B) Future Marketing Position†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 C) Positioning Map†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...11 IV. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 V. References List†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Fig.1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 Fig.2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Marketing Introduction Oman Air has developed from a short-pull territorial transporter into a national carrier; a worldwide player that is focused on living up to its client needs and desires. Oman Air broadens genuine Omani friendliness and is totally dedicated to accomplishing its ecological, social and administration objectives by seeking after a fair plan of action. Oman Air is focused on guaranteeing conveyance of significant monetary, ecological, and social advantages (Oxford Business Group 2009, p.118). Benefit Oman Air’s objective is to make and upgrade the incentive by profiting serious comes back to financial specialist s, meeting the client’s need and desires, creating success, and adding to by and large monetary turn of events. In accordance with its set up business standards, Oman Air looks to contend decently and morally. Income inside Oman Air developed by 35% to OMR 311.3 million (USD 808.5 million) (CAPA, 2012), as introduced in the pay articulation introduced beneath. The organization thinks about the circulation of its gross worth and effectively seeks after cost-sparing efficiencies that coordinate new, manageable plans of action. In 2011, Oman Air announced record misfortunes of OMR 110 million (around 286 million US Dollars) occasioned by soaring oil costs, modern distress, fast extension program, and provincial political strife. The aircraft is on the way towards long haul benefit and the misfortunes endured structure some portion of the development. Individuals Oman Air esteems genuineness, respectability, and regard, which structure part, of its guiding principle. The organiza tion is seeks after to be a dependable individual from the general public by having an impact in the government assistance of its staff and networks. The organization shows a solid duty towards benefiting a steady workplace that ensures equivalent open door for learning and self-awareness where staff can appreciate a feeling of direction, cooperation, inventiveness and advancement, other than profiting a fulfilling and worth upgrading encounters (O’Connel and Williams 2011, p.16). Oman Air is at the cutting edge in advancing dependable citizenship by making prospering CSR programs. Noteworthy accentuation is laid on grasping assorted networks through the making of rich and comprehensive encounters. Planet Minimizing emanations to air, water, and land the integral to Oman Air’

Prophylactic Internal Iliac Artery Ligation Health Essay

Point: to quantify the capacity of inner iliac arteria ligation as an efficacious strategy for telling station partum seeping because of sidelong uterine crack. Subjects and strategies: A randomized controlled review was led on 50 pregnant grown-up females who were admitted to Shatby University Maternity Hospital between June 2006 and August 2008, every one of them were analyzed as station partum seeping because of sidelong uterine break. The patients were unpredictably designated to 2 gatherings, the ligation bunch where ligation of inside iliac arteria followed by fix of burst uterine divider was done ( bunch A ) , and the fix gathering, where cracked belly was fixed by regular techniques ( bunch B ) . Educated assent was taken from all patients. Results: The ligation bunch indicated a significant measurable contrast when contrasted and the fix bunch sing intra-usable clasp ; whole of blood transfused intra-operatively ; duration of escalated consideration unit remain, requirement for extra careful mediation, for example, hysterectomy or extra vaginal hemostasis, and the frequency of difficulties as spread intravascular coagulopathy, and ureteric hurt. Choice ; inner iliac arteria ligation is viewed as an other useful technique to hysterectomy in cases of sidelong uterine break, taking to lessen maternal dismalness. Cardinal words: baby blues draining ( PPH ) , uterine burst, inside iliac arteria ligation ( IIAL ) , hysterectomy.IntroductionPost partum draining ( PPH ) is a significant reason for overall mortality runing from 13 % in created states to 34 % in creating states. ( 1 ) it is liable for more than 125,000 maternal perishes every twelvemonth and is related with horribleness in 20 million grown-up females per twelvemonth. ( 2 ) Customarily, PPH is characterized as drain from the venereal real estate parcel of 500 milliliter or more in the initial 24 hr following bringing of the darling, a critical pre-winter in the hematocrit or the interest of blood transfusion have other than been proposed. ( 2-5 ) Uterine atonicity is the regular reason for PPH that represents 80 % of examples ; different causes incorporate kept up placental parts, lower venereal real estate parcel gashes and uterine crack. ( 6 ) Uterine break is a ruinous obstetric confusion. Albeit an exceptional occasion, it keeps on being related with a high pace of perinatal and maternal bleakness and mortality. ( 7 ) The main danger factor for uterine burst is a scarred belly, typically optional to a front cesarean bringing. Subsequently, the vast majority of the ongoing reappraisals on uterine break have concentrated on grown-up females attempting vaginal birth after old cesarean bringing ( VBAC ) . ( 8 ) Rupture of the unscarred belly is an uncommon obstetric inconvenience, with an expected rate of 1 of every 8000-15,000 bringings. ( 9 ) There are two kinds of uterine break, total and uncomplete, recognized by whether or non the serous layer of the belly is included. ( 10 ) In the previous the uterine substance including baby and every so often placenta, might be released into the peritoneal pit, while in the last the serous coat is necessary and embryo and placenta are inside the uterine pit. ( 11 ) The total collection has all the earmarks of being progressively dangerous of the two groupings. ( 12 ) Rupture of belly during work is more dangerous than that occurrence in incubation since surprise is more prominent and contamination is about inescapable. ( 13,14 ) When PPH proceeds notwithstanding forceful clinical mediation, early thought ought to be given to careful intervention. The pick of procedure will rely upon the para of the grown-up females and her longing for labor, the degree of draining and, most altogether, the experience and assessment of the sawbones. In many ruinous condition of affairss, hysterectomy is favored so as to neckline farther blood misfortune and by means of media with sureness. ( 15 ) Although an actual existence sparing procedure, it might non be fitting for grown-up females who need to proceed with their generative intensity. Haemostatic processs that protect the uterus incorporate uterine pit tamponage, specific uterine arteria embolisation, uterine arteria ligation and uterine support suturas. ( 16 ) ISSN 1110-0834Internal iliac arteria ligation ( IIAL ) for the control of lavish pelvic drain has for some time been perceived as an actual existence sparing procedure. ( 17 ) The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists keeps on suggesting the use of hypogastric arteria ligation in the bearing of intraoperative immovable seeping during pelvic medical procedure or in cases of obstetric dying. ( 18 ) The develop that delay of blood flexibly may do damage to pelvic assortment meats has been end up being off base. Despite what might be expected, in the occasion of pelvic draining unmanageable by moderate strategies, brief mediation may non only rescue the life of the patient yet adjacent to her belly. There are a few investigations of incubations conveyed to full term after two-sided ligation of the hypogastric arterias. ( 19-23 ) The motivation behind this overview was to quantify the capacity of reciprocal IIAL in occurrences of horrendous station partum seeping because of sidelong burst belly in contrasting with the traditional uterine fix just in such instances.MethodThis review was led on 50 pregnant grown-up females who were admitted to Shatby University Maternity Hospital between June 2006 and August 2008, every one of them were analyzed as awful station par tum seeping because of sidelong uterine break which may be reached out to the vagina ( Diagnosis was affirmed during Laparotomy ) . The example bunch were unpredictably distributed into two gatherings: Gathering A=35 patients ( ligation bunch ) : grown-up females were exposed to two-sided IIAL followed by fix of uterine divider. Gathering B =15 patients ( fix simply bunch ) : grown-up females were exposed to customary techniques for uterine fix. All patients were directed for the procedure and educated assent was obtained.Technique of interior iliac ligation was done as follow:The belly is lifted out of the pelvic support so as to watch the degree of the hurt. The uterine tear is reviewed and inspected cautiously from the vertex downwards. The drain outskirts of the belly are held with Green Armytage secure ( or chiming forceps ) . The vesica is analyzed from the lower uterine segment by fresh and obtuse dismemberment so assembled downwards. The outside iliac pulsings are felt and followed up to the bifurcation of the regular iliac arteria, and the ureter is recognized. The peritoneum on the sidelong side of the bifurcation of the basic iliac arteria is opened by a longitudinal scratch in such a way, that the ureter stays joined to the middle peritoneal examination uncovering the retroperitoneal life systems. The inner iliac arteria is followed and deliberately analyzed off from the hidden vena. Figure ( 1 and A ; 2 ) A double yarn of absorbable sutura ( Vicryl ) stuff is passed underneath the arteria and tied. Figure ( 3 ) Femoral arteria pulsings are distinguished subsequent to restricting the ligatures.Statistical methods:Statistical investigation was finished using Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS/variant 15 ) bundle. The factual preliminaries utilized are: Arthematic mean, standard uniqueness, Chui-square preliminary and Fisher precise preliminary was utilized for sorted parametric amounts, while for numerical informations, t-test was utilized. The level of hugeness was 0.05.ConsequenceIn the ligation bunch ( bunch A ) , the age went from 24 †39 mature ages with a mean of 32.85A ±6.57 and para extended from 1-4 with a mean of 2.45A ±1.01, while in the fix bunch ( bunch B ) their age ran from 27-42 mature ages with a mean of 33.9A ±7.06 and the para ran from 1-4 with a mean of 2.622A ±1.05, severally. There was no factually significant distinction between the two gatherings sing age and para. The two gatherings were thought about as regards intra-employable and, postoperative eventsIntraoperative events:The normal intra-usable clasp in bunch ( A ) was 45.5A ±4.68 proceedingss, while it was 98.5A ±8.98 proceedingss in bunch ( B ) . The intra-usable clasp is factually significant longer in bunch B as P= 0.0001. The clasp required for uneven IIAL went between three to seven proceedingss. The normal blood volume transfused intra-operatively in bunch ( A ) was 1750A ±71.6 milliliter, contrasted with 2980A ±120.8 milliliters in bunch ( B ) , this distinction is factually significant as P= 0.0001. In bunch ( A ) , Four patients ( 11.4 % ) had hysterectomy, and 6 patients ( 17.1 % ) had extra haemostatic vaginal suturas for expanded vaginal cryings after IIAL. In bunch ( B ) seven patients ( 46.7 % ) had hysterectomy and 10 patients ( 66.7 % ) had haemostatic vaginal suturas. These distinction, are measurably significant as P= 0.0058 and 0.0005 severally. These discoveries uncovered a higher occurrence of additional optional processs in bunch ( B ) . There was no ureteric ligation or harmed recorded in bunch ( A ) , on the different manus in bunch ( B ) the ureter was ligated on a similar side during fix of the tear without uncovering the ureter in 2 occasions. Luckily, both found intra-operatively and oversaw. No different intricacies were recorded in either gathering. ( Table I )Postoperative eventsAll patients were moved postoperatively to serious consideration unit ( ICU ) the normal continuation of ICU remain was 38A ±5.99 hours in bunch ( A ) , contrasted with 70A ±6.85 hours in bunch B, which is measurably significant as P= 0.0001. On the different manus, 5 patients ( 14.3 % ) in bunch ( A ) which is measurably significant less contrasted with 9 patients ( 60.0 % ) in bunch ( B ) were confounded with dispersed intra vascular coagulopathy ( DIC ) . The whole volume of blood gathered from intra-stomach channel more than 48 hours postoperatively was 211A ±23.85 milliliter in bunch ( A ) , while it was 751A ±68.98 milliliter in bunch ( B ) . These uncovered a higher rate of

Unequal Charges for International Students - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about theUnequal Charges for International Students. Answer: Scrutinize of the Global Issue One of the Global issues where shared duty regarding normal great isn't being acknowledged is Unequal Charges for universal understudies in Australia, without a doubt is a significant issue, Australia is over the top expensive for the International understudies for instruction purposes, in light of the fact that the worldwide understudies are paying are higher sum when contrasted with the national understudies. This isn't reasonable, understudies in similar colleges ought to be charged a similar measure of education costs (Jiang 2014). For global understudies it turns into a weight to deal with the high charges, they have a high individual support also on the grounds that they are avoiding their home. The yearly charges for International understudies for single guys degree is AU$ 15,000, US$ 11,750 to AU$ 33,000, US $ 25,800. For aces degree AU$ 20,000 to $37,000 for doctoral qualification it costs from AU$ 14,000 to AU $37,000, the understudies visas in Australia costs up to AU $535 (Day Nakata and Martin 2015). It has been seen that the International understudies concentrating in Australia pay upto 400 percent more than the Australian understudies, that is a tremendous hole in the charge structure of Australian understudies and International understudies. The explanation as indicated by Peter Osburne has nothing to do with the charges rather it is an issue of national benefit, which is extremely one-sided choice and exceptionally out of line for the universal understudies, the understudies from all around the world seek after their instruction in Australia since Australia is positioned fifth on the planet with regards to worldwide training. (Chapman and Ryan 2005). It is the obligation of the specialists of the Institutions to ensure that those worldwide who try to seek after investigations in Australia, ought to be dealt with similarly, they ought to be not caused to feel that they are pariahs. This can make contrasts among the understudies which won't useful for the establishments to keep up concordance in the organizations. Approaches to Address the Challenge Understudies from all around the globe need to seek after advanced education from Australia, understudies from a portion of the creating nations like Asia and understudies ftrom African nations may discover the costs and the charge structure too high to be in any way kept up in the event that they decide to concentrate in the Australian Universities. Training endeavors to give equivalent chances to all the understudies, expense structure ought to be an obstruction to the understudies instruction, two understudies seeking after a similar course ought not be made to pay various charges. It stops some of splendid and gifted understudies from seeking after training in Australia. Though, those previously considering think that its hard to deal with their costs and consequently compelled to pick work while contemplating. It doesn't permit the understudies to focus appropriately on their examinations, which could influence their outcomes. What should be done here is that the administration ought to intercede in the unreasonable treatment of International understudies, they should pass a law that unmistakably educates the organizations to manage a reasonable charge structure that doesn't separate between the Australian understudies and International understudies, since it isn't lawfully off-base, yet morally it is off-base. Government Intervention may help settle the complaints of the International understudies who are paying a higher education costs. The Institutions ought to likewise consider that the global understudies as of now have their own costs, on summarizing their all costs that is an immense risk on the understudies. It is the obligation of the foundations to help up their weight. Something else that the Institutions can do is give a few concessions to the understudies with the goal that they it can help up the money related weight on understudies (Kaiser et al. 2014). The specialists should likewise offer more grants to the global understudies who are outstandingly acceptable in the investigations (Gale and Parker 2013). Government should make arrangements that would help the understudies who can't pay such high education costs. The nations from where the understudies have a place, their nations of origin should help the understudies by offering understudy advances to the individuals who are intending to concentrate abroad. Money related obstruction ought not thwart the understudies instruction, they have equivalent rights to seek after training any place they need to, without being separated (Marklein 2015). The most significant thing that ought to be done is a severe request ought to be passed on the Institutions which make the instruction framework a business, changes should be made for the in the laws that would confine the Institutions from executing two unique sorts of expense structure in a similar college (Meuleman et al 2014). The Colleges ought to give convenience offices to the global understudies, this could help the understudies by diminishing the costs on settlement. Modest Hostel offices for the International understudies inside the school premises could help, as it were, in lessening their food and settlement costs (Marginson 2015). Those understudies who want to work while seeking after ought to likewise be allowed a chance to get a work in the organizations, gave their examinations ought not be hampered. The legislature ought to likewise reconsider the understudy visa charges, with the goal that it isn't a lot for the understudies to pay. It is the mutual obligation of the Government of the Australia and the specialists of the Universities, to think for the benefit of all of the considerable number of understudies, regardless of their nationality that seek to concentrate in Australian colleges. On the off chance that they open entryways for global understudies, they ought to abstain from separating the understudies dependent on their nationality. They ought to consider that once the understudies take affirmation in their establishments they become the piece of the organization so they ought not be dealt with in an unexpected way. All organizations have the standard of treating the understudies similarly, keeping up two kinds of expense structure is only segregation. In addition Educational Institutions ought not be treated as business, on the off chance that it is has goal of giving training to understudies regardless of the nationality. They should ensure that worldwide understudies get equivalent open doors for stud ies and training, much the same as the Australian understudies. A uniform charge structure ought to be defined and executed by the specialists of the Universities, the hole in the expense structure makes a tremendous hole among the national understudies and worldwide understudies. For each establishment keeping up a social assorted variety is significant, that must be done if the expense structure isn't one-sided and gainful for Australian understudies where as a weight to the International understudies (Harmon 2015). Be that as it may, none of it tends to be managed without the Government executing powerful guidelines in such manner, the Australian understudies ought to likewise understand this separating charge structure is uncalled for International understudies, they have different costs just as they are avoiding their nation and they remain on understudy visa. They should approach and represent the global understudies so the specialists pay attention to this issue very. Raising voice against this difficult issue, in an extremely serene way m aybe will draw the consideration of the specialists and the Government bodies. The various NGOs working for the reason for training should likewise come and represent the global understudies, with the goal that they can make pressure on the administration of different Institutions to stop this training. Which disheartening for the International Students, additionally it would one day make Australia less favored as the goal for seeking after training if the understudies decide to concentrate in Universities of different nations and not Australia (Gale and Parker 2013). References Chapman, B. also, Ryan, C., 2005. The entrance ramifications of salary unexpected charges for advanced education: exercises from Australia.Economics of Education Review,24(5), pp.491-512. Day, A., Nakata, V., Nakata, M. also, Martin, G., 2015. Indigenous understudies' diligence in advanced education in Australia: contextualizing models of progress from brain science to comprehend and help understudies' practices at a social interface.Higher Education Research Development,34(3), pp.501-512. Storm, T. also, Parker, S., 2013. Extending cooperation in Australia in advanced education. Harmon, G., 2015. Australia as an advanced education exporter.International Higher Education, (42). Hazelkorn, E., 2015.Rankings and the reshaping of advanced education: The fight for world-class greatness. Springer. Jiang, K., 2014. Universal understudy streams between Asia, Australia, and Russia: a system analysis.Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia,13(1), pp.83-98. Kaiser, F., Maassen, P., Meek, L., van Vught, F., de Weert, E. what's more, Goedegebuure, L. eds., 2014.Higher instruction arrangement: A worldwide similar point of view. Elsevier. Marginson, S., 2015. Universal instruction in Australia: The roller coaster.International Higher Education, (68), pp.11-13. Marklein, M.B., 2015. Legitimate Implications of International Students.Journal of Mason Graduate Research,2(1), pp.13-29. Meuleman, A.M., Garrett, R., Wrench, A. what's more, King, S., 2015. A few people may state I'm flourishing yet: non-conventional understudies' encounters of university.International Journal of Inclusive Education,19(5), pp.503-517.

Southwest Airlines

Southwest Airlines Free Online Research Papers The site for Southwest Airlines states â€Å"The crucial Southwest Airlines is commitment to the highest caliber of Customer Service conveyed with a feeling of warmth, amicability, singular pride, and Company Spirit† (Southwest Cares: Doing the Right Thing, para. 2). Southwest keeps on exceeding expectations in client assistance, representative turn of events, and productivity. Southwest has the least client grievances of any significant aircraft, a worker turnover proportion of under 10 percent, and has indicated a benefit every year it has been in presence (D’Aurizio, 2008). Southwest’s incredible client support record relates straightforwardly to the warm, well disposed help conveyed by workers. The executives at Southwest has constructed a culture of regarding workers as family and anticipates that them should treat clients like family also. Prior to business, the organization gives recently recruited employees gatherings and welcome festivals. Preparing is accessible so representatives get the opportunity to progress inside the organization (D’Aurizio, 2008). All workers at each level, from the CEO to the janitors, get investment opportunities. This makes a culture of possession mindset, which spurs workers to keep benefits up by conveying uncommon client assistance (Holstein, 2008). As per Laurens and Budinich (2008), the way of life worked by prime supporter and previous CEO Herb Kelleher is the key to the accomplishment of Southwest. This culture â€Å"develop(s) and integrate(s) a devoted and persuaded workforce† (p. 30) that succeeds together. Kelleher showed others how its done, treating his workers like family, and open correspondence assumed a crucial job in framing this special culture. The company’s culture is inserted in representatives from the main meeting. Occasions in the lives of representatives are recognized and celebrated by everybody. The organization sets up extraordinary projects for groups of workers. The organization tunes in to remarks and input, from workers, yet in addition employees’ families, clients, and merchants (D’Aurizio, 2008). By incorporating the way of thinking of open correspondence, Southwest has figured out how to cultivate a culture that has made it a productive association. Correspondence assumes a crucial job in hierarchical culture and employees’ impression of that culture. The site Reference for Business (2009) fights that message beneficiaries use observation to bode well out of a message and to decide the message’s meaning. With discernment, the recipient bodes well out of a message dependent on experience (Reference for Business, 2009). No individual sees encounters precisely equivalent to another. Every ha a novel arrangement of encounters, a one of a kind perceptual channel, through which the individual in question deciphers messages. Making up this channel is the exceptional mix of youth foundation, instructing, and the educational encounters of the perceiver. In correspondence, each message beneficiary uses that channel to bode well out of the experience (Reference for Business, 2009). The test in hierarchical correspondence is empowering workers to grasp messages ways expected. Friedman, Liu, Parks, and Simons (2007) contend that this correspondence incorporates the apparent match between embraced esteems and ordered qualities and the degree to which guarantees are kept. Compelling correspondence identifies with trust in chiefs and hierarchical duty. Correspondence and responsibility identifies with representative maintenance, client assistance, and friends productivity (Friedman et al., 2007). Skewed observations can prompt correspondence obstructions and can eventually prompt the breakdown of an organization’s social qualities. During authoritative correspondence, struggle will constantly emerge. As indicated by Beebe and Masterson, â€Å"conflict in a gathering happens when individuals differ more than at least two choices that a gathering can take in attempting to settle on a choice, resolve an issue, or accomplish a goal† (Chapter 7, p. 169). Strife can likewise happen when contrasts in objectives exist. Be that as it may, in spite of mainstream thinking, struggle ought not generally be maintained a strategic distance from. Some contention normally happens because of correspondence since all gathering individuals won't share similar qualities, convictions, or mentalities (Beebe Masterson, 2006). Struggle can be utilized in a positive way. Southwest Airlines could utilize strife to challenge bunch individuals to additionally look into changed thoughts for goals to issues. For instance, extra research could be utilized to decide whether extra courses would be savvy or if dropping certain courses wou ld reduce expenses. Southwest Airlines duty to a culture that advances worker strengthening has made the aircraft one of the most productive carriers today. Open correspondence and in-house progression energizes a positive view of organization culture. It likewise permits representatives the chance to communicate thoughts and trust themselves a piece of the Southwest â€Å"family†. References Beebe, S. A., Masterson, J. T. (2006). Conveying in Small Groups: Principles and Practices (eighth ed.). Boston: Pearson. DAurizio, P. (2008). Southwest Airlines: Lessons in Loyalty. Nursing Economics, 26(6), 389-392. Holstein, W. J. (2008, February). At Southwest, the Culture Drives Success. BusinessWeek, 28-30. Laurens, E., Budinich, D. (2008). The Power of Integrated Leadership. Banking Solutions, 30-31. Simons, T., Friedman, R., Liu, L. A., Parks, J. M. (2007). Social Integrity. Diary of Applied Psychology, 92(3), 650-665. Southwest Airlines. (2009). Southwest Cares: Doing the Right Thing. Recovered from southwest.com Waltman, J. L. (2009). Reference for Business. Enclyclopedia of Business. Recovered from encyclopediaofbusiness.com Research Papers on Southwest AirlinesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTwilight of the UAWResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThree Concepts of PsychodynamicOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemHip-Hop is ArtInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

So Chance Me Maybe

So Chance Me Maybe Like most MIT students, I was aware when I applied that I was a highly competitive applicant. I had taken several AP classes, I had a perfect GPA, my interviewer loved me, I had founded a few clubs, and my test scores were stellar. However, also like most MIT students, I was still very anxious about the application process. JUST KIDDING! Absolutely everything I just said is a horrible lie. Here’s the truth: I have never taken an AP test in my life. My GPA wasn’t perfect (still isn’t). I was convinced I failed my interview, I once almost cofounded half of a club, my math SAT was 40 points below MIT’s lower 25th percentile, and I wasn’t very anxious about applying because I knew beyond a shadow of a doubt that I was getting rejected. That’s the truth. Last September, I was embarrassingly naive about college admissions. I had only a few ideas about colleges and had drafted a handful of generic essays, but really didn’t have a good sense of how competitive of an applicant I was or what sort of schools I should target. I did know that time was running out, and that I needed to get serious about applications very, very soon, so I hopped on the internet and dived into research. It didn’t take long to come across College Confidential. At first, it seemed like a rare gem a unique online community of peers sharing the same stresses and anxieties. College Confidential had the answers to all of my questions about how I should approach applying, about which colleges would be a good fit for me, and about which colleges I had a chance at getting into. It’s too bad all of those answers were wrong. What I learned from College Confidential was that admissions was a competition, in which the applicants strove to cast themselves in as positive a light as possible, highlighting their achievements, emphasizing their strengths, and inventing some sort of “hook.” I learned that MIT and Caltech were far too nerdy for me, since the ultra-geek culture did nothing but study and mire in awkwardness. And I learned that a person of my background with my “stats” had literally an absolute zero chance of getting admitted, that these top-tier universities were way out of my league, and that they only admitted students who had been published in Science, won international math Olympiads, and were already independently wealthy from Googles acquisition of their start-up. OK, that wasn’t completely true; some students only had two of the three. But, for some irrational reason that I didn’t really understand at the time, I applied. I told myself that it was “practice” for the “real” applications to “real” colleges that really mattered, but I don’t think I really believed that. Starting in August, I studied prompts and scoured websites. September saw me working on essays full-time, procrastinating on research papers so that I could work on apps in class. By October, I was spending more time on MIT and Caltech than I was on schoolwork I wrote and rewrote, edited and revised, tooled and retooled until my essays flowed like mercury. And then I did it all over again, because my topics were boring. I worked feverishly right up to the deadline date and submitted, confident in my preparation for the applications that really mattered. But something very, very odd had begun to happen. I got attached to MIT. Emotionally. Romantically. Thoughts crept in that I hadnt considered before might might I actually have a chance? No, of course not. Thats just your ego trying desperately to feel optimistic. I banished the idea from my head, but I couldnt get it out of my heart. I obsessively devoured the admissions blogs, staying up late into the night chuckling over adventures, catastrophes, and legendary hacks. I procrastinated some more on research papers (I did that a lot), refreshing the admissions site or reading bloggers’ profiles as if they were superheroes (we aren’t). I began to daydream of getting admitted, then to actually dream of getting admitted. Like a cheesy chick flick, I fell accidentally in love with something insanely out of reach that I tried in vain to remain detached from. It wasn’t that I felt like my “stats” had improved. It wasn’t about numbers at all. It was about culture. I felt like MIT was literally built with me in mind that every facet of what I had previously assumed to be an irreconcilably diverse personality would fit perfectly into place in an energetic environment of similar minds. The more I read, the clearer this became. I certainly couldnt allow myself to get my hopes up, or my poor psyche would be irreparably crushed when I was rejected, but I couldnt shake the feeling that MIT was where I was meant to be. Where Id thrive. Where I belonged. December 14th was the day. The Ultimate Day On Which I Learn Of My Rejection. I was scheduled to work that morning. I’m pretty sure I did a horrible job. My mind was about 7,125 kilometers away, as evidenced by the fact that I had calculated that number. I waited. It was excruciating. At precisely 11:14 AM, I slipped away from my hosting duties and ducked into the employee bathroom.  I fumbled my phone out of my pocket.  I refreshed decisions.mit.edu. The page stuttered. And sputtered. And spat out some text. Rejected. Wait, what? Thats not what it says. It says something like It is my pleasure to offer you Oh. OOH. OOOH WOW IT ACTUALLY HAPPENED. I quickly texted the entire planet, went back to work, and continued to do an even worse job. It slowly sunk in: it wasn’t a joke. Even now I’m not quite used to it: I’ll be walking by Killian and be spontaneously hit by “Holy [cow]. I got into MIT.” But what I think about most is the fact that I almost didn’t apply. This scares me more than I can express the precarious chain of events that happened to lead me to convincing myself to apply is sobering at best, horrifying at worst. You see, the admissions officers truly are not lying. We’ve been raised in a world in which ‘institutions’ or governing bodies have a conspiratory stigma about them, in which one must “game the system” to achieve even the ordinary. This isn’t true here. The admissions office is run by real people (I’ve seen them! I have proof!). And when they tell you things like this or this or this, please listen to them. They’re really being sincere. “Being yourself” is not a trap, because it’s yourself who is admitted not your scores. And, finally, please please PLEASE don’t pay attention to the chatter on College Confidential. Although (arguably) communities are generally good, application anxiety turns the forums into an Imposter Syndrome Magnifying Glass, healthy for nobody’s psyche. If, as an applicant, you think that MIT is “out of your league” because you looked at a dozen numbers from somebody else’s life, consider this: I posted 4 (four!) Chance threads. Here are some of my responses: “MIT: High reach” “I think MIT will be a very high reach” “I think your best shot would be CMU I think its something a [little] more manageable” “The generic super reach for HYPM” “ECs arent that good imo, to spread out kind of random imo” “MIT: High Reach with a 710 Math score. Aim for a 760-800” “For MIT and Brown, try to bump up your SAT to at least 2200.” “you arent smart enough for any mwahaha” Pursue your passions. Unfortunately, the raw statistics are daunting that’s the cruelty of finite facilities but true passions are never “generic super reaches.” If MIT is one of those passions, not because it sounds cool or looks fancy, but because it’s MIT, then apply as yourself, not as who some random username thinks you need to be. The internet wants to reduce you into a pile of numbers and acronyms so that it can dismiss your entire life with an admission rate. Don’t let that happen.

Marital Rape - Free Essay Example

Introduction Accusing a husband as a criminal responsible for the rape of his wife is one of the difficult feminist battles in the world. When the word rape is mentioned, people tend to think of the offender as a stranger or malicious person. Often none tend to view rape in the marriage context. Essentially, even the women themselves find it impossible for a husband to rape his wife. The legal definition of rape is sex done without consent. However, with the natural and legal expectation of compulsory sex in marriage, it has been difficult to accept that indeed marital rape is possible (Gavey, 2013). Actually, in the eighteenth and seventeenth centuries, some jurisdictions viewed marital rape as an impossible scenario (Horvath Brown, 2013). This was based on the argument that if during the contract of matrimonial the wife consented, then when it comes to sex she should not withdraw the consent given that sex is a hidden term of the marital contract (Horvath Brown, 2013). Studies show that many of the marital rape victims are reluctant in reporting the crime to the police; perhaps because they do not understand whether it is a crime, other victims think people will not understand or believe them while others fear that their marriage will fall apart (Malinowski, 2015). In th is regard, the paper seeks at explaining the sociological aspect of the marital rape by looking into how the social institutions such as courts, police, and families act in promotion of the vice. Marital rape is referred to as any sexual act by a spouse committed against or without the consent of the other partner, obtained through the use of force, intimidation, threat or in a condition that the other partner is unable to consent(Gavey, 2013). These acts involve any sexual acts that are humiliating, demeaning, redundant and painful. Marital rape is also referred to as wife rape or conjugal rape (Gavey, 2013). Marital rape affects millions of people all over the world thus resulting in social problems that are considerable. Studies show that in the United States of America at least one person is assaulted sexually in every two minutes, with statistics showing that women are the most affected victims of rape (Horvath Brown, 2013). Unfortunately, the numbers of marital rape cases are often incorrect given the fact that it is one of the least reported crimes in the United States. Apparently, it is estimated that in every 6 minutes a female is raped in the United States (Horvath Brown, 2013). About 85% of the rape cases reported was committed by an intimate partner (Malinowski, 2015). Statistics show that out of eight adult women that are a victim of rape in the United States, only 15% report the rape case to the police and only 3% of the women who are victims of the individuals they are familiar with reported the case to the police (Malinowski, 2015). About 30% of the sexual assaults reported by the adult women are committed by their husbands, boyfriends or ex-husbands (Malinowski, 2015). Families’ norms and beliefs are the main reason as to why the marital rape cases still exist in the society. The families continue to believe that once a woman gets married, she becomes a property of her husband. In consequence, the males are regarded to be superior over females and hence have all the rights over the females’ life (Lindsey, 2015). For the society to overcome marital rape situation, they must first condemn this mindset that takes away the women dignity in the society (Lindsey, 2015). Around the year 1970, the women’s movement succeeded in changing the rape myths through the creation of programs pertaining rape awareness (Malinowski, 2015). Additionally, the women managed to frame rape as a violent. Conversely, rape myths still persist even in the recent years. For example, in the years 2002, Basile argued that the majority of the United States citizens have embraced the rape myth (Horvath Brown, 2013). Marital rape is therefore still viewed as a lesser crime with less physical and emotional damage than other crimes. The strong believe in families that a woman must remain married and if not so she becomes a disgrace to the family is another contributor to marital rape (Malinowski, 2015). Some of the families go to the extent of encouraging their daughter to remain married even if she faces both physical and sexual violence so as not to put the family to shame. In this case, the well-being of the daughter is not a priority. Others marry their daughters to rich men regardless of their behaviors, in return the daughters end up in marriages full of both sexual and physical violence and assaults. Other women depend on their husbands for financial support and hence, they opt to endure the sexual assaults from their husbands rather than losing the financial support (Malinowski, 2015). In the society, a woman is viewed as a homemaker and therefore she is expected to do all it takes to build her marriage. In consequence, many of the families do not recognize marital rape as a crime; actually, they view marital rape condemnation as a weapon to enhance marriage destruction (Bellack et al., 2013). A woman is thus required to endure the violence from her husband so as not to break the marriage. If in any case, a woman reports that she has been raped by her husband, the society will first point figures on her. Other people will blame the wife for failing to be a good wife while others will blame her for being the source of the rape by denying the husband his conjugal rights (Lindsey, 2015). Even before a woman gets married, she is exposed to an environment that humiliates the wife and uses a wife as a sex object. Thus, after marriage, the wife is already aware that she has no power over marital rape. In many instances, the wife finds it difficult to explain how the marit al rape happened. After marriage, it is indicated that a woman has no authority over her own body and becomes a subject to her husband (Lindsey, 2015). How then will one accuse a husband of rape if he was demanding for his conjugal right? Although different people have different attitudes toward rape in relation to the situation surrounding the rape, the majority of the people’s attitudes are related to the gender patriarchal and stereotypes which are anchored in controlling the body of the females in every aspect (Malinowski, 2015). The threat that comes with sexual violence is used in terrorizing the women as well as reinforcing the patriarchal description of the place of women in the society (Bellack et al., 2013). Moreover, the theory of sex-role socialization explains the interaction of spouse in marriage regarding sexual life. According to this theory, women are supposed to be composed, passive and submissive in their marriage while the men are supposed to be antagonistic and dominant. Thus, the marital rape is taken as an expression of the traditional perception of sex roles. Apparently, marital rape is one of the circumstances in which the male dominance on female remains unsettled (Malinowski, 2015). The judicial system also has been accused of contributing to the silence of the marital rape victims. This is because the marital rape cases have been indicated to be having the lowest rate of conviction as related to other violent crimes (Horvath Brown, 2013). Besides, the relationship between the offender and the victim also contribute mainly on whether the victim will report the rape or not. Even though much of attention is focused on the acquaintance rape in the arenas of research and clinical, the marital rape issues have been overlooked more often.   Studies reveal that at least 10% women who are married in the United States get raped by their own husbands (Horvath Brown, 2013). However, the existence of husband exemptions on marital rape indicates that marital rape is still viewed as a lesser crime than all another form of sexual assaults. Marital rape became a crime in the year 1993 in all 50 states of America (Horvath Brown, 2013). The law enhanced some changes in the rape laws that existed there before and recognized the marital rape as a criminal act. In 2006, the Violence Against Women Act 2005 was passed into law (Horvath Brown, 2013). However, 30 states still give some exemptions to the husbands accused of marital rape (Horvath Brown, 2013). The act of using the relationship status in determining whether or not a crime has occurred shows how the attitudes of the people toward rape differ relative to the relationship between the victim and offender. Studies show that the society uses marital rape exceptions to strengthen the male dominance in the society (Horvath Brown, 2013). In addition, the Social Construction Theory indicates that the political arenas, as well as the lawmaking bodies, are dominated by males. Hence, the majority of the national laws reflect the men’s interests since the olden days. In this case, the marital rape law is believed to be a means in which the male attempt to affirm themselves over the women (Malinowski, 2015).The notion of marital exemption is a social view that argues that a husband cannot be accused of committed rape to her wife. The ancient common law jurisdiction understood marriage as an institution where a husband controls all aspect of his wife’s life including her body. This jurisdiction also named adultery as an invasion of another man’s property. With this, a woman is taken as a property of man and therefore both marital rape and adultery were treated as a crime against husband’s rights (Horvath Brown, 2013). There exist three types of marital rape which are much known to the larger society.   The first one is the battering rape where the women are exposed to both sexual and physical violence. Some women are beaten-up all through the sexual, violent act while others may get raped after an incidence of physical brutal where the husband tries to make up by having sex with the wife. Majority of the marital rape cases fall under the battering rape category (Gavey, 2013). The second type of marital rape is the obsessive rape where the men use sex to assault women (Gavey, 2013). This kind of marital sex is becoming more popular as the days pass mainly through the pornography videos (Bellack et al., 2013). The third form of marital rape is force only rape. In this category, husband uses the amount of force only needed to coerce the wife. The husband may not use battering at the start, but if the wife refuses the sexual intercourse, then the husbands use assault (Gavey, 2013). Researchers have indicated that today’s pornography has become far more extreme and awful than some decades ago. Researchers pointed out that about 90% of the pornographic scenes involve physical violence toward the women, for instance, hair pulling, spanking, bondage, slapping and choking (Bellack et al., 2013). Also, there is the case in which men forcefully put their penis down the throat of the women to the extent of choking and vomiting. Besides, in other cases, the men put their penis in the anus of the women and after placing it in the women’s mouth to experience their own excrement. These aggressions have become more fashionable to the young men of age between 18-25 years in the society, thus changing their attitude toward sex in marriage (Bellack et al., 2013). Research shows that with the increase in pornographic viewing there is a relative increase in rape cases, marital rapes, rape myths acceptance as well as in the reduction of empathy and sympathy toward t he sexual violence victim. Furthermore, research pointed out that the men who associate themselves with watching pornographic materials are more prone to committing sexual violence than the ones who don’t (Bellack et al., 2013). All forms of marital rape have negative effects, both mental and physical, on the well-being of the women. For instance, the women may get injuries, torn muscles, laceration, bruising and soreness in their private organs. Other victims may suffer from black eyes, broken bones, bladder infections, stillbirths, infertility, and miscarriage or even get infected with sexually transmitted diseases like HIV (Gavey, 2013). In addition, victims of marital rape are more likely to suffer some extreme psychological illness such as depression, anxiety, intense fear, post-traumatic stress, low self-esteem, distrust in relationships, shock as well as suicidal ideation (Horvath Brown, 2013).In fact, marital rape is more traumatizing than any other rape since a husband commits it and the wife is expected to live with her attacker even with the fear of other attacks. This is different from other rapes where the offender is a stranger (Gavey, 2013). It is high time that the society acknowledges the concept of rape as rape despite the relationship between the offender and victim (Horvath Brown, 2013). All the societal institution should come together and put up measures that would help in treating marital rape as any other rape crime. Visibly, marriage is a continuous journey, and it is expected for people to have sex after marriage. But if a husband finds out that his wife is using sex as a tool in marriage he should involve a counselor. If the situation gets too serious and uncontrollable, then divorce might be a more suitable response to the situation rather than rape (Horvath Brown, 2013). Although marital rape is one of the most common sexual assault in the society today, it is normally overlooked and hidden in the marriage curtains.   Many of the social practices as well as legal aspects have encouraged male dominance and denied the women their bodily integrity thus violating the female’s human right. The society has encouraged the marital rape by supporting men in blaming the wives of denying their husbands conjugal rights. For marital rape to be eliminated the legal together with the family system must treat it as a crime. Furthermore, the women must come out of the societal beliefs and fight for their justice.

The Philippines Drug Policy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1953 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: War On Drugs Essay Did you like this example? I know [Elvin] was sleeping, because it was 3:30 a.m. It was very quiet, like a twilight zone. The police entered my house†no knocking or anything. I asked, ?Why are you there? They didnt respond. I said, Sir, please! Sir, stop! Sir, please! Each time, I heard a shot. Sir, please! Shot. Sir, stop! Shot. It was six [gunshots] in total. They say my son shot them. No. They say my son ran. No. (If You Are Poor, You Are Killed 22). On June 30, 2016, Rodrigo Duterte assumed office as the new President of the Philippines. This day would forever change the lives of many of the Philippines most vulnerable citizens: the poor and those addicted to drugs. The new president was elected by winning 39% of the popular vote. His biggest campaign promise? His commitment to free the country of ?undesirables; namely drug dealers and drug users. To achieve this goal, he initiated a domestic drug policy more commonly known as the Philippine Drug War. Since this policy was enacted, more than 12,000 Filipino citizens have been killed either by police forces or other citizens in extrajudicial killings (Palatino). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Philippines Drug Policy" essay for you Create order Police operate with raids and are known to knock on the door of suspects and kill them on sight. The quote above is merely one example of a recount of police violence in a Filipino citizens home. The Filipino public are urged by the government to fight against their neighbors thought to be involved with drugs, either reporting them to the police or killing them themselves. The problem is growing with more and more Filipinos victimized by the government every day. At the heart of the Philippine drug war lies the ?Oplan Tokhang project or ?Knock and Plead Operation Plan (If You Are Poor, You Are Killed 19). A major aspect of this project is a list compiled by police and community members of all the suspected drug dealers and users in a particular community. This list is then submitted to municipal and police authorities. Police officers in these communities often identify users or dealers based on personal knowledge or opinion, not evidence (If You Are Poor, You Are Killed 20). The police officers then use these lists to target houses where they will knock on the doors and demand that a person surrender to the police. The families of those targeted identify two potential responses from the drug user. They can either refuse to surrender, and potentially face death, or they can surrender in which they must ?voluntarily provide information, fingerprints, photographs, accept surveillance and drug testing, and pledge that they will no longer use drugs (If You Are Poor, You Are Killed 20). Upon submitting all of this information, many drug users and dealers face aggression later from the police and the greater community. Police commonly kill citizens suspected of drug use in what are known as ?buy and bust operations. The police attempt to buy drugs from drug dealers and then supposedly kill the dealers in self defense. The use of force in self defense is extremely disputed because many of the dealers are known to not own weapons, and police are rarely injured or killed in these operations (If You Are Poor, You Are Killed 24). Additionally, many deaths labelled as ?buy and bust are actually police entering the homes of suspected dealers or users and killing them or simply killing them on the street. Even with witnesses, the police have the protection of the government, and are not being prosecuted. The president has addressed police officers saying: Do your duty,If in the process you kill 1,000 persons because you were doing your duty I will protect you, and if they will try to impeach me, I will hurry up the process and we go out of the service together (Worley). By saying this, President D uterte is essentially encouraging police officers to kill suspected drug users legally or illegally. Police are not the only ones killing citizens for drug use. President Duterte has encouraged the public numerous times to take matters into their own hands. In a campaign speech in a Manila slum, Duterte said to the public: If you know of any addicts, go ahead and kill them yourself as getting their parents to do it would be too painful (Worley). Masked gunmen are known to show up and shoot people previously identified as drug dealers from the watch list. Several of these gunmen anonymously reported to Amnesty International investigators that they were oftentimes paid by police officers for their work. The masked killers said The rate dependsIt depends by the person. Usually we dont have multiple targets per project, but [when we do], were paid per head (If You Are Poor, You Are Killed 37). The police are paying assassins to kill drug users, and there is rarely any legal action taken against the killers. These extrajudicial killings are rampant and are occurring with consent from the government at large. A country that has demonstrated an overarching compliance with drug culture would be the Netherlands. The Netherlands openly tolerates the recreational usage and possession of non-medicinal drugs in its borders (Drugs). The Dutch view a drug free society as fundamentally unattainable and believe that their drug policy should instead focus on minimizing harm from drug use. Although drugs are not technically legal in the Netherlands; the law is not enforced in many scenarios. In order to enact the drug policy in the Netherlands, the government first published the Opium Act, which distinguished between two different categories of drugs. The first, labeled ?hard drugs encompasses drugs with a high risk for harm including heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, and ecstasy. The other category, labeled ?soft drugs includes marijuana, hash, sleeping pills, and various types of sedatives (Drugs). The use and sale of hard drugs are harshly regulated by the Dutch government. It would be considered highly illegal to sell cocaine or heroin in the Netherlands. The usage and sale of soft drugs however, is ?tolerated. The Netherlands has operated under a policy of non-enforcement when it comes to the possession and sale of soft drugs. Coffee shops in the Netherlands are permitted to sell cannabis to adult Dutch citizens (Rolles). The Netherlands has enacted this policy in order to distinguish the use of drugs not identified as harms to society from drugs that can cause serious harm. Possession and sale of soft drugs is not prosecuted because they are not associated with a high risk to health (Drugs). The success of this policy is outlined with a variety of statistics. The rates of cannabis usage in the Netherlands is lower than in neighboring countries and is significantly lower than in the United States. The rates of lifetime heroin usage in the Netherlands is 1/3 that of in the United States (Rolles). In the United States, both cannabis and heroin usage are prosecuted severely by the law in most states. These statistics show an interesting correlation between the open toleration of certain drugs and their usage. Additionally, only 14% of cannabis users say they could obtain other drugs from their cannabis source as opposed to 52% in neighboring Sweden (Rolles). This statistic in particular indicates the way in which the Opium Act has benefitted the country. The government wanted to separate the sale of ?hard drugs from the sale of ?soft drugs, making it much more difficult to find hard drugs in places where soft drugs are easily accessed. Although the Netherlands drug policy is extremely different from the Philippines, I believe that the Filipino government could take some aspects of the Netherlands policy in distinguishing between the use of drugs associated with harm and the use of drugs not associated with harm. Because Dutertes campaign focuses so much on how drugs are a harm to society, it would be beneficial to scientifically and socially identify which drugs are actually causing a public nuisance and which drugs are solely providing the user with a personal high. The separation of drugs by type could provide Dutertes administration with a more comprehensive understanding of their true affect on society. Additionally, the general concept of toleration for others could ensure that citizens are not getting murdered by the government for having an addiction. Amnesty International, a globally influential non-governmental organization focused on human rights launched an investigation into the Philippines War on Drugs in January of 2017. They interviewed many families of victims, police officers, and low level members of the presidential administration. Following the investigation, the organization expressed deeply held concern with the killings, and identifies them as potential crimes against humanity (If You Are Poor, You Are Killed 62). The organization offered several recommendations to a variety of leaders in the Philippines and abroad. To President Duterte, they suggest he immediately order an end to all police operations involving unnecessary or excessive use of force, in particular the use of lethal force during the arrest of suspected drug offenders (If You Are Poor, You Are Killed 62). This suggestion would require the police to avoid using excessive force when dealing with criminals and would also encourage the legal system to fairly and justly prosecute police involved in arrests involving injury and death. The organization also calls on him to end the use of any language that calls for or excuses violence against alleged drug offendersand recant previous use of such language (If You Are Poor, You Are Killed 62). I believe this suggestion would have particular impact on the situation in the Philippines. The President of a nation acts as their spokesperson, and a role model for its citizens. When the President is verbally encouraging something as heinous as murder, it makes it seems as though murder is a socially acceptable activity if the result is supposedly reduced crime. Dutertes withdrawal of his previous statements could prove influential in changing the mindset of many Filipino citizens. Amnesty International additionally offered recommendations to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court. The organization states that Unless key steps recommended here are promptly taken, initiate a preliminary examination into unlawful killings in the Philippines violent anti-drug campaign and related crimes under the Rome Statute, including the involvement of government officials, irrespective of rank and status (If You Are Poor, You Are Killed 66). The Rome Statute was the statute that established the International Criminal Court. It established four international crimes: crimes against humanity, genocide, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. Under this statute, the court can investigate and prosecute crimes in which the government of a country is non complicit in an investigation (Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court). Encouraging the International Criminal Court to investigate the killings in the Philippines would incite a global reaction to the crimes. In February of 2018, the International Criminal Court did in fact launch an investigation into the situation. Chief Prosecutor of the Court, Fatou Bensouda declared any person in the Philippines who incites or engages in acts of mass violence including by ordering, requesting, encouraging or contributing, in any other manner, to the commission of crimes within the jurisdiction of the ICC is potentially liable to prosecution before the Court (Santos). In response to this, Duterte continues to deny that he has any role in condoning the killings. Today, many police officers and members of Dutertes government continue to avoid prosecution for the crimes committed against Filipino citizens. Instead of being admitted into drug addiction therapy, people are being murdered for using or selling drugs. This policy is harming families and communities around the Philippines. The lack of concern for the wellbeing of some of the most vulnerable members of the Filipino society from the government is extremely harrowing. Hopefully one day the greater international community can figure out a way to stop these atrocities from continuing to occur.

Mental Illness And Its Effects On Society Essay - 1475 Words

While researching different media outlets that portrayed mental illness in their articles, there were some that continuously popped up in my searches. For example, CTV News and CBC News were two of many sources that contained the articles regarding an Ottawa man who was found not criminally responsible (NCR) last Thursday after he attacked a stranger with a hammer. At the time of the attack, Weber was on his way back to a transitional group home. He d been released from the Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre less than two months earlier and was under a care plan prepared by his psychiatrist. He got off the bus, went into a grocery store and purchased a hammer and a knife. When Weber emerged from the store, he attacked an unsuspecting 55-year-old Ghebrehiwet suddenly and without provocation from behind, smashing him repeatedly in the head and face with the hammer. The multiple blows caused numerous lacerations and fractures to Ghebrehiwet s face and resulted in the partial and permanent loss of vision in his left eye. The attack only ended when a bystander intervened. Weber was arrested three days later after staff from the home where he was living recognized him from video surveillance released by police. Weber’s lawyer had argued in court that Weber was in a psychotic state that evening, the result of his paranoid schizophrenia. The dis ease is treatable, but in Weber s case the drugs he takes sometimes fail, and voices in his head convince him to lash out. JudgeShow MoreRelatedMental Illness And Its Effects On Society1405 Words   |  6 Pagesonce stated, â€Å"Mental illness is nothing to be ashamed of, but stigma and bias shame us all.† Mental illness comes with multiple influences towards the daily life of an individual. On one hand, these individuals must try to manage the symptoms that arise with their disease. Mental health disorders can affect the way individuals perform at their jobs, their social life, and even being able to live alone (Corrigan Penn, 1997). On the other hand, the way society tends to view mental illnesses leadsRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effect On Society2346 Words   |  10 Pagesheart diseases, in the same context, mental illness is a general phrase used for a group of illnesses affecting cognition (Department of Health, 2015). People faced with mental illness are been stigmatized and assumed by the society to be dangerous, dirty, worthless, and unpredictable. This amongst other reasons is why most people refuse the introduction of a mental health clinic in the community (Meadows et al., 2012). Even though Patient with severe mental illness treated in the community have shownRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Society1164 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough the terrain of life, people might struggle with keeping up with daily routines and the demands of day to day living; Although life seems tough from the outset, problems of mental health place more obstacles upon the individual and his or her family and friends. Without a doubt, there are many expectations that society or one may have. For instance, getting eight hours of sleep, having a social life, exercising at least an hour a day, working towards a good career, going to school, pursuing personalRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Society1461 Words   |  6 Pages Mental illness affects millions of people in the United States and in other countries. Disabling mental illness is seen in and out of local hospitals and other skilled nursing facilities daily. Timby and Smith (2011) define schizophrenia as a thought disorder characterized by deterioration in mental functioning, disturbances in sensory perception, and changes in affect. Schizophrenia effects about one percent of the population and shows no regard to ethnicity, culture, or environmentRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Society985 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In the United States, there are many people who suffer from a mental illness. Mental illness is described as causing disruptions in one’s emotional state, thought processes, and behaviors. When analyzing this this concept, one can see that mental illness is a blanket term that encompasses a wide array of mental disorders that range from mild or to severe. No one completely understands the direct cause of mental illness. Some believe that it is attributed to a biological component which arguesRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On The Society946 Words   |  4 PagesWhether someone is struggling on schoolwork or contemplating suicide, it is typical to feel pity for their situation. As a result, society works towards helping those who struggle with worse mental health through various resources such as counseling or psychopharmaceuticals. The majority of society believes that treatment for those with mental illness is beneficial to the society. However, Eric G. Wilson, the Thomas H. Pritchard Professor of English at Wake Forest University and leading expert in the relationshipsRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Society Essay1923 Words   |  8 Pagesindividuals, who live or know of someone who is living with some form of mental illness. These individuals have many barriers placed upon them by society and have fallen victim to negative social stigmas. Individuals who are experiencing a mental crisis whether it may be a result of a diagnosed mental illness or an erratic episode brought on by mental instability have had negative social stigmas placed on them from almost entire societies. These negative stigmas come from the lack of knowledge and negativeRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On The Workplace And Society Of Peru874 Words   |  4 Pagesnot until my uncle’s physical condition was so severely impacted that he was taken to a private doctor for an evaluation. Mental illness is still very stigmatized in many parts of the wor ld, and even anxiety disorders, of which many people suffer, are judged and condemned in the workplace and society of Peru. The continuous symptoms of my uncle were called a nervous or mental breakdown when he was admitted initially, and while episodes have happened in the past, the reason given to any person withRead MoreThe Effects Of Stigma Surrounding Mental Illness1658 Words   |  7 PagesMental illness is a controversial topic in recent news. From Sandy Hook to the Aurora movie theatre shooting, the effects of mental illness have sparked fierce debate and negative stigma surrounding the issue. Mental illnesses, â€Å"patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional† (Myers 562), affect 1 in 4 people at some point in their lives (Stigma and Discrimination). However, only 59.6% of people with mental illness report receiving treatment, as theyRead MoreHomelessness and Mental Illness1095 Words   |  5 Pagesstreets, who society has forgotten. This man emits the smell of garbage; he has not bathed in months. This man sits quietly mumbling to himself . To the outer world he is just one of the many homeless, but little does society know that this man has a mental illness as well. Homelessness and mental illness are linked. These two happenings have similar beginnings. Homelessness is influenced by drug and alcohol disuse, being homeless at a young age, money problems, and trauma symptoms. Mental illness is caused

Louis Armstrong From Childhood To Adulthood Essay

Louis Armstrong: From Childhood to Adulthood nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When you think of Louis Armstrong you probably think of a jolly middle-aged man who can play the cornet like no one else, a man who had it all, a man who had the good life. Well, Louis was not always that lucky. From childhood to his adulthood, Louis Armstrong changed much as a person and a musician. He worked very hard to become what he became and did not let anything get in the way of becoming a musician. In this paper, you will read about how Louis Armstrong became one of the most influential people/musicians of his time. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Louis Armstrong’s childhood was not of the normal childhoods most of us have had. He had a very hard and†¦show more content†¦Louis loved his grandmother but, after seven years of living with her he moved 18 blocks away to live with his mother ,Mayann. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When he went to her house he found out that he had a new sister named Beatrice. She was nicknamed Mama Lucy. His mother would always be working long hours and drink in bars all night. That left Louis to take care of Mama Lucy and himself. Louis was luck enough to get work from a young white boy who helped him sell papers for pennies. He also sang in a street choir with some of his friends. As he got into his teen years he took up crapshooting. All of these odd jobs brought in enough money to feed Mama Lucy and himself. When working was not getting him anywhere he could always find a careless or drunk person stumbling in the streets who would drop his/her money. Also, when nothing was working at all he would occasionally steal some food from the local grocery stores. But still being just a boy he was not satisfied with the title of being the bearer of food for his family. He wanted to be and do so many things. He idolized hustlers and their easy lives. With a life like one of theirs, Louis could do more things with his life and still support his family. Also, Louis was starting to notice music. He always would admire the marching bands that would come booming down the streets and the blues that would come blasting out of all the bars and â€Å"honky tonks†. Louis just wanted to be something more than heShow MoreRelatedThe Music Of New Orleans Jazz1223 Words   |  5 Pagessimple instruments to create a distinctive musical sound. Two distinguished musicians, Louis Armstrong and Dizzy Gillespie, rose to fame with their musical talents in the jazz community around the world. These two musicians born below the Mason Dixon line would acquire their popularity by performing nationwide, but their childhood, musical careers, and legacies would be totally different. Daniel Louis Armstrong was born in New Orleans, Louisiana in the early 20th century. Being born into povertyRead MoreLouis Armstrong, A Man Who Was The Most Influential Trumpet Players Of All Of Jazz Music Essay1893 Words   |  8 Pagesthat we know today. One of these individuals is Louis Armstrong, aka Satchmo. Arguably one of the most influential trumpet players in all of Jazz music, Louis Armstrong appears to be a man who was able to accomplish fame with relative ease, when, in fact, Louis Armstrong faced many obstacles throughout his life that he had to overcome, before he was able to change the history of the music industry in our country. The society that Louis Armstrong was born into reflected extreme racial tensions andRead MoreA High School Program Should Not Be Avoided At All Costs1534 Words   |  7 PagesAs I write this, I’m in between apartments and living at home for the time being, so I’ve taken this moment of desperate, post-collegiate aimlessness solitude to clean out my childhood bedroom. The small pile of sweat-stained band t-shirts, folders of AP History notes my high school teachers insisted I’d need in college, and Mad Magazine issues are worth some nostalgic currency, but I had no idea I was stocked in pitiful high school mix CDs. Whether they were cherished tokens of affection by pastRead MoreSongs We Must Ban From High School Couples1553 Words   |  7 PagesAuthor: Tim Gagnon Category: Blog Sub: Opinion/Humor Title: 5 Songs We Must Ban From High School Couples Date: 1/19/14 As I write this, I’m in between apartments and living at home for the time being, so I’ve taken this moment of desperate, post-collegiate aimlessness solitude to clean out my childhood bedroom. The small pile of sweat-stained band t-shirts, folders of AP History notes my high school teachers insisted I’d need in college, and Mad Magazine issues are worth some nostalgic currencyRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesDear All, If you need any solution manual, testbank for testbooks from the list, do contact us anytime, we provide competitive prices and fast delivery after payment done. Contact us: smtbportal@gmail.com smtbportal(at)gmail(dot)com 2010 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Solution Manual 2010 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Test Bank 2010 Federal Taxation with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud

Freud, Adler and Jung Founders of Psychoanalytic Research...

Freud, Adler and Jung: Founders of Psychoanalytic Research Elizabeth R. Blight PSY/250 1/23/2013 Michelle Willis Introduction: There are three well-known influential thinkers who are considered to be pioneers in the field of psychology. It could be argued that without †¦., the emergence of psychology as we know it might not have ever happened, at least in its present form. Freud is considered by his modern-day counterparts to be the founding father of analytic psychology, as he is the first to have come up with an albeit rudimentary, but nevertheless valuable model of the human psyche. Prior to his groundbreaking work, the nature of human consciousness was largely debated and theorized by medical doctors and theologians.†¦show more content†¦These mechanisms can be considered normal, especially during grieving periods. Much later, Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross made shock and denial one of the first stages of the grieving process, and it has been well-documented that denial can be very common if not normal as long as it doesn’t become permanent. Defense mechanisms can become ve ry unhealthy if they don’t eventually give way to directly coping with the emotions which are being denied or repressed. These defense mechanisms, in their most extreme forms can be very difficult to understand for those who haven’t shared the same experience. For example, it is very possible for a woman to be so deep in denial of a pregnancy that she will continue to menstruate up until the time of delivery. She could also attribute the normal symptoms of pregnancy with other possible explanations, i.e. morning sickness being stomach flu and the baby’s kicks being gas. A typical example of displacement can be seen with people who abuse animals or children. If a person feels they cannot express anger or aggression to a parent or significant other for fear of repercussions, they will channel the anger and direct it to the family pet or their child, who cannot fight back. Regression can be another common defense mechanism, and it usually happens when an individual is overwhelmed with anxiety and feels they cannot directly face the source of their emotions. A very common scenario is for anShow MoreRelatedPsychoanalytic Psychology : Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment1427 Words   |  6 Pages Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Julious Campbell PSY/250 June 8, 2015 MR. MICHAEL PHILLIPS Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Many people consider Psychology a science, which is true, applied science. Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior which has different levels with many dimensions. Psychology is compounded with many theories and studies that by trial, and error, have made psychology into the discipline that it has become today. Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and AlfredRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Psychology1019 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom Hippocrates’ theory that argues that personality traits are based on four different sections. This heavily influenced modern personality psychology. Three important psychologists helped shape the way humans define the term personality. Alfred Adler is one of these psychologists. Alder had a tendency to change his theory on personality throughout his life, but he believed that people are focused on maintaining control over their lives. He believed in single drive or motivating force behind ourRead MoreNeo Analytic And Ego Aspects Of Personality Theory Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pagesapproach to personality theory can be found within Freud’s psychoanalytic personality theory. Freud was one of the first theorist exploring the origin of personality. He defined personality as resulting from three aspects within the human mind, the id, ego and the superego. As more theorist began to emerge in the field of personality analysis, several of Freud’s theories were revised. Neo-Analytic and Ego Aspects emerged as theorist including Carl Jung, Alfred Alder, Erik Erickson and Karen Horney stressedRead MoreSigmund Freud Biography1317 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Frued, Austrian physician, neurologist, and founder o f psychoanalysis. Freud was born in Freiberg (now Prà ­bor, Czech Republic), on May 6, 1856, and educated at the University of Vienna. When he was three years old his family, fleeing from the anti-Semitic riots then raging in Freiberg, moved to Leipzig. Shortly thereafter, the family settled in Vienna, where Freud remained for most of his life. Although Freud s ambition from childhood had been a career in law, he decided to become a medicalRead MorePsychoanalytic Model Paper1830 Words   |  8 PagesPsychoanalytic Model Paper 1 Psychoanalytic Model Paper Cynthia Garza 1/16/2015 Psy310- History and Systems of Psychology Instructor: Sara Molloy Psychoanalytic Model Paper 2 Psychoanalytic Model Paper When we talk about Psychoanalytic theory the first name that comes to mind is Sigmund Freud. Even though they are other psychologists that contributed to psychoanalytic theory and its development, Sigmund Freud is known for being the founder of this theory. He is famous for his work on sexualRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Theory Of Psychology Essay1764 Words   |  8 Pagescalled Cognitive Therapy, which became known for its effective treatment of depression. By the late 1970s it was clear that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was not just a phase. It had become a more frequent topic at conventions, in journals, and in research, and it had become more integrated into behavioral psychotherapies. Cognitive therapy is thus born and with it, the second wave of Behavioral Therapy. Slowly, â€Å"Mindfulness† was becoming the focus, and the third wave is born. Mindfulness has manyRead MorePyschoanalytic Personalities Essay Notes9106 Words   |  37 PagesIndividual Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment | Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper analyzing the components of the psychoanalytic approach to personality. Your paper should cover the following areas: * Compare and contrast the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler. What are two characteristics of these theories with which you agree? What are two characteristics with which you disagree? * Describe the stages of Freud’s theory and explain characteristics of personality usingRead More Discussing Developmental Theorists and Their Theories of Human Development5003 Words   |  21 Pagesinclude the psychoanalytic school, behavioral school, humanistic school, cognitive school, and the individual schools of psychology. Each developmental theorist holds their own unique ideas and theories about various components of human development. I will be discussing the contributions of each of these theorists. To begin with we have the psychoanalytic school of psychology. This would include Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, and Elisabeth Kubler-Ross. I will begin with Sigmund Freud who was theRead MoreThe Unconscious Conscious : The Psychodynamic Approach1971 Words   |  8 Pagesvarious psychologists which focus closely on an individual’s unconscious drives, and see how these drives relate to one’s personality. The most prominent psychologists who have contributed to the psychodynamic approach include Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Erik Erikson, and Karen Horney. Unlike the behavior approach to psychology which leans towards understanding the science behind behavior and how external factors help stimulate these behaviors, psychodynamics attempts to look into one’sRead MoreThe Theories Of Personality Have Been Developed Over Hundreds Of Years Essay1945 Words   |  8 Pagesstill many varying opinions of what exactly defines a person’s personality, with jus t as much research, if not more. Over the last few decades, technology has surpassed what most have ever believed to be possible, creating not only a new world for people to interact, learn and relate in, but also created an unnatural dependence on various social media outlets. Sigmund Freud is credited with being the founder of psychoanalysis. Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis is defined by Boundless as â€Å"the result

Wireless sensor network and its Applications Free Essays

Introduction Wireless sensor networks use sensing techniques to gather information about a phenomenon and react to the events in a specified environment by the means of Sensors. These small, inexpensive, smart devices, which are connected through wireless links, provide unique opportunities for controlling and monitoring environments. Technically, a sensor translates the information from the physical world into signals and prepares them for analysis and processing. We will write a custom essay sample on Wireless sensor network and its Applications or any similar topic only for you Order Now The terms, Wireless Nodes, Sensor nodes and motes can be used interchangeably in different contexts. Here we refer to them as motes. Motes are typically produced in large quantities and are usually densely distributed in the network. Their size(or their components size) varies from macroscopic- scale to microscopic or even sometimes nanoscopic-scale. â€Å"Micro-sensors with on-board processing and wireless interfaces can be utilized to study and monitor a variety of phenomena and environments at close proximity.† A mote is consisted of four major components: Processing Unit: For data processing and â€Å"managing the procedures that make the motes collaborate with other nodes to carry out the assigned sensing tasks.† Sensing Unit: To sense the physical world and convert the data into digital signal ready for processing. Transceiver Unit: To provide the connection of nodes in the network. Power Unit: To supply energy for the device components. Based on the application, motes may have some additional components such as location finding system, mobilizer and power generator. These components should be put together in a way to fit in a small size module, be adaptive to different environments and consume as little power as possible. The components of a mote Figure is a representation of data acquisition about a phenomena (Process) in the real world which can be sensed by a sensor. The sensed signal needs often needs some changing in order to be processed (Signal Conditioning). For example in order to make the signal range appropriate for conversion some changes on signal magnitude is needed through signal amplification. Unwanted noise can also be removed through this stage. The analog signal is then transformed to digital signal by using ADC and is ready for further processing or storage. Data acquisition and actuation Applications: Wireless sensor networks can be used in places where wired systems cannot be deployed (e.g., a remote or dangerous area). It can also be used in commercial products to improve the performance or quality of them or provide convenience for their users. Sensor can sense many different variables such as: temperature, humidity, pressure and movement. They can sense an environment continuously or they can be event driven and sense an event when it occurs. Wireless sensor networks can support a wide range of applications. Battlefield surveillance, Bridge and highway monitoring, Earthquake detection, Habitat Monitoring, Health care, Industrial monitoring and control, Tracking wildfires, Traffic flow and surveillance, Video surveillance and Weather monitoring are few examples of its applications. Military Applications One of the first applications of sensor network was military sensing. WSN could be used for monitoring the critical equipment, vehicle or weapons to make sure they are in a proper condition. Terrains, paths and roads could be monitored to sense the presence of opposing forces. They also can be used to enhance the targeting system of ammunitions. Human teams can be replaced by sensor networks in places affected by biological and chemical warfare or incidents in order to perform nuclear reconnaissance and prevent humans to be exposed to radiations. Traffic surveillance Traffic surveillance is another example of WSN applications. Sensors are placed in predefined places to gather data and send it via wireless links to data centres for further processing. This data can be beneficial for statistical purposes such as vehicle count per day, the number of cars per lane and the average speed of vehicles. It can also be useful for real time applications such as traffic flow monitoring, incident reporting and managing the traffic lights in order to prevent heavy traffics. Real-time traffic flow control Medical Applications: Wireless sensor network benefits are being explored by many hospitals and medical centres around the world. As it can be seen in Figure sensors can be implanted in patient body or connected to him in order to collect information about his vital signs such as heart beat, blood pressure and oxygen level in blood. This information can be transferred patient’s medical record for future examinations and long-term inspections. It also can be displayed in real-time or alert physicians based on the sensor program in case of any sudden change in under-care patient condition. http://www.infotech.oulu.fi/Annual/2007/opme.html Realization of these various applications requires wireless ad hoc networking techniques. However they are not suitably designed for special features and applications of sensor networks. WSN vs. Mobile Adhoc Netoworks [12] Although there are lots of similarities between Mobile ad networks (MANET) and WSN for instance their lack of network infrastructure, use of multi-hop routing and wireless channel, there are some major differences to point out. Nodes in MANET are designed for human interaction such as laptop and PDAs, whereas in WSN motes are usually left unattended in remote or dangerous locations with the least possible interactions. In WSN â€Å"the topology of the network may change dynamically† due to node failure. It can happen because sometimes motes in some specific areas may be damaged and fail. In some network topologies motes have a sleep/awake cycle in order to save energy, so the topology needs to change when a mote is not available at a specific time. In WSN unlike MANETs the source of energy is limited and the nodes are sometimes left unattended in places where there is no access to them to change or recharge their batteries. â€Å"The range of communications is typically within a few meters and at low rates (some kilobits per second); there are typically a few kilobytes of memory and the processor may operate at speeds of only some megahertz.† Mote design and communication aspect of WSN is totally application dependent and changes based on different application requirements. Motes in some wireless sensor applications remain sleep for the most of their lifetime and transfer their information in a timely basis in order to save energy. So the traffic flow in the network is almost infrequent and delay time is usually higher than MANET networks. Overview of 802.15.4 1-http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html - IEEE 802.15 WPANâ„ ¢ Task Group 4 (TG4) 2-http://www.zigbee.org/Specifications.aspx a ZigBee Alliance the Official Website 3-http://www.eetimes.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=173600329 - EE Times: The global electronics engineering community The IEEE 802.15.4 and the Zigbee alliance have been working together in order to improve WSN efficiency, safety, security, reliability and convenience of this technology. IEEE 802.15.4 focuses on physical layer and MAC layer at the 868MHz (Europe), 915MHz (US) and 2.4GHz (worldwide) ISM bands whereas Zigbee alliances work on higher level protocols. â€Å"The IEEE 802.15 was chartered to investigate a low data rate solution with multi-month to multi-year battery life and very low complexity. It is operating in an unlicensed, international frequency band.† â€Å"Some of the characteristics of IEEE 802.15.4 include: Data rates of 250 kbps, 40 kbps, and 20 kbps CSMA-CA(Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance) channel access Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability Power management to ensure low power consumption 16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band, 10 channels in the 915MHz I and one channel in the 868MHz band.† â€Å"The ZigBee specification enhances the IEEE 802.15.4 standard by adding network and security layers and an application framework. From this foundation, Alliance developed standards, technically referred to as public application profiles, can be used to create a multi-vendor interoperable solutions. For custom application where interoperability is not required, manufacturers can create their own manufacturer specific profiles.† [2]Some of the characteristics of ZigBee include: Global operation in the 2.4GHz frequency band according to IEEE 802.15.4 Regional operation in the 915Mhz (Americas) and 868Mhz (Europe). Frequency agile solution operating over 16 channels in the 2.4GHz frequency Incorporates power saving mechanisms for all device classes [802]IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines PHY (physical layer) and MAC (medium access control) layer for the purpose of low data rate wireless communications which consume very low power. Physical Layer Some of the main characteristics of the PHY are the processes of sensing the environment, turning on/off the transceiver, estimating the receiver power/link quality indication and transmitting/receiving the information between two nodes. It finally sends the result of channel assessment to the MAC layer. The PHY is responsible for providing two services: PHY Data Service: â€Å"Enables the transmission and reception of PHY protocol data units (PPDUs) across the physical radio channel. PHY management service There are different frequency bands and data rates which a device should be able to operate with which are summarized in Table ?. Table – Frequency bands and data rates Mac Layer MAC layer provides access to the physical radio channel to transmit MAC frames. Some of the main characteristics of MAC sublayer are network beaconing, frame validation, Guarantees time slots (GTS) and handles node associations. The MAC layer is responsible for providing two services: MAC Data Service: â€Å"Enables the transmission and reception of MAC protocol data units (MPDUs) across the PHY data service.† MAC Management Service IEEE 802.15.4 MAC can work with both beacon enabled and non-beacon models. When it is on non-beacon model it is a simple CSMA/CA protocol but in beacon enable mode it works with super frame structure, shown in Fig. The frame starts with a Beacon which is sent by coordinator periodically. The frame also contains inactive period and active period. During the inactive period the device switches to low power mode and communicate with others during active period. The Beacon Interval is calculated based different attributes. In Active period the portion is divided into 16 slots which consist of three parts: Connection Access Period (CAP), Collision Free Period (CFP) (the GTS sections within it is for specific nodes) and the beacon. Fig Superframe structure Network Topologies ZigBee supports 3 types of topologies: Star, Mesh(peer-to-peer) and Cluster tree as shown in Fig . – Star topology: In this topology the communication is only between the single central controller called Personal Area Network (PAN) coordinator and other devices in the network which is mostly suitable for small networks such as single hop networks. A PAN coordinator usually has a unique identifier which is only used by this specific coordinator and allows different star networks to operate separately in the same area. – Mesh topology: This topology also has a PAN coordinator like Star topology but with the difference of having communication not only between coordinator and devices but between devices as well when they are in the range of one another. Although it makes the network structure more complex, but as a result of allowing multi-hop routing it is suitable for large networks. It also can be an adhoc network with self-healing and self-organizing characteristics. – Cluster tree topology: Cluster tree network is a form of peer-to-peer network. One coordinator operates as a PAN coordinator which has the responsibility of defining Cluster Heads (CH). The CH is a kind of Full Function Device (FFD) which can act as a coordinator. Each Reduced Function Device (RFD) then can selects its CH and joins that cluster. This kind of structure has a great impact on energy saving in the network which will be discussed later. Fig Topology Model Energy Conservation and measurement: [24]A wireless sensor network is created with hundreds or thousands of sensor motes, distributed independently in a remote area with the responsibility of sensing the environment, processing information and communicating with other motes in the network for years with a limited source of energy provided by a small battery which is almost impossible to be changed or recharged during motes life time. Therefore the concept of energy consumption management in the network has become one of the most important aspects of wireless sensor network design and implementation. The power saving approach has affected the mote design, power management strategies, communication and routing protocols of the WSN. Generally energy saving methods are divided in two major categories: Energy saving at Mote level; aims to selects the most energy efficient components of the device and trade off unnecessary operations in order to save energy based on the application requirements. Energy saving at Communication level; selecting the most efficient communication methods and protocols to conserve energy at this level. Power saving at mote level: The first step in saving energy at mote level is to find out where the energy is consumed in the mote. As it was mentioned before, a mote consists of 4 components: Processing Unit, Sensor, Transceiver and a Power supply to provide energy for the mentioned parts. Based on the experimental measurements in [40] data transmission is more energy consuming that data processing. Passive sensors such as temperature sensors on the other hand consume a small amount of power compared to other components which is almost usually negligible. Table shows a power model of a Mica2 mote in different states. How to cite Wireless sensor network and its Applications, Essay examples